Paper IV Technology Alternatives for Rural Development M.M. 100

Appropriate Technology : Concept of technologies appropriate for Rural India, Social / Economic and Environmental considerations , Appropriate technology for energy, agriculture, Housing, Textile, Issues of technology transfer.

Irrigation technology : Water resource management for rural area, Water supply processes, Introduction of hydrological cycle, surface water, subsurface water – aquifer system, Ground water collection systems.

Water quality Management : Determination of irrigation water requirement, Various irrigation methods & their comparative programmers canals,tube wells ,tanks & drip irrigation etc. Conjecture use of surface, sub-surface water, Water budgeting for a pilot rural area & optional use of different available irrigation water resources.

Rural Industries : Marketing of agricultural products of cottage industry & village industry products. Special marketing strategies.

Implementation of appropriate Technology

Entrepreneurship financial organization & government support available for cottage industry & village industries. (various agro-industries [KVIC], Khadi Udyog). Marketing of agricultural & Cottage industries products.

Optional Papers - Two papers of five listed blow have to be studied by the candidates)

Paper- V Rural Housing, Health and sanitation M.M.50

Low Cost Housing system : Types of Rural houses & their patterns, Socio-economic aspects of housing, modes of living households, Size & economic status.

Building Materials : Locally available material & their characterization, Sun dried bricks, Lime, Sand, Wood, Techniques for exploitations of locally available materials, Characteristics & utility of improved material, Stabilized soil blocks, agro based material, rice husk (cement),fly, ash, ferro-cement, light weight aggregate, comparative cost study.

Earthquake Resistance Housing : Basic concept & principles, Design and Foundation, Traditional , Historical back ground of Housing Methods, Modern methods for earthquake housing system mud walls, their thickness for load , water penetration in mud , sun dried bricks, Pucca bricks, Bamboo reinforced walls, Finishing of walls with plaster, Water proofing techniques for walls, Elements of rural houses (i)Traditional (ii) Modern, Various components with their relative cost.

Classification of Rural Houses : Good house design orientation with regard to sun ward convenience & comforts, Elements of village planning in respects of housing-rural planning by lands, Critical study of various type of design, analysis with regard to their utility, functionality.

Roofing System : Kachacha & Pucca : Thatch (treatment methods for improving the durability / fire retendent) Details of various types of low cost prefabricated roofing viz- brick, panel, doubly curved nuit . Door, windows & other opening : different types with complete details & cost ratios: wooden / RCC / Ferro cement etc .

Sanitation & Water supply : Problem in environmental sanitation , introduction to rural ecology & environment housing ventilation of smoke & air pollution. Drinking Water Disposal of humus, animal waste.

Drinking Water : Source, surface, sub-surface (ground)Laboratory analysis of the quality of water Chemical parameter Methods of infection of water Rural water supply schemes & their implementation Various appropriate technology for providing potable drinking water

Paper VI Rural Communication system M.M 50

Introduction to Rural Transportation : Various means of Rural transportation, Convention & improved design of rural transportation, Details of cost effective & efficient design for rural roads

Rural Road System : General concept, Principles, Survey, Alignment, Type of rural roads, Physibility studies of construction of various rural roads, Design and construction of rural roads.

Planning and Development of Rural Roads : Elements of rural road planning, District master plan for rural roads, Establisation techniques, road side landscaping.

Construction of Bridges : Definition, Basic concept, Types of Bridges, Planning of rural Bridge, Design, structural load & foundation strength, ground water condition Foundation design techniques, Stability of Bridges.

Rural communication system : Basic concept, Various means of rural communication, Rural communication system, Types of communication, Rural communication planning

Use of GIS Tools in Rural Road Networking Studies