Courses
Post-Graduate courses
The M. Phil. degree course in Environmental Plant Biology run by the Centre has duration of one academic year. The candidates having Master degree in Botany or Biochemistry or Chemistry or Physics or Mathematics are eligible to seek the admission to this course. Selection to the Course is made on merit basis. Presently a total of ten seats are available for each academic session.
Post Graduate Diploma in Biotechniques of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (PGDBMAP)
Duration of this course is one academic year. Degree holders of Science and Medical streams are eligible to seek the admission to this course. Selection to the Course is made on merit basis. Presently a total of fifteen seats are available for each academic session.
Certificate Course in Biotechniques of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CCBMAP)
The M. Phil. degree course in Environmental Plant Biology run by the Centre has duration of one academic year. The candidates having Master degree in Botany or Biochemistry or Chemistry or Physics or Mathematics are eligible to seek the admission to this course. Selection to the Course is made on merit basis. Presently a total of ten seats are available for each academic session.
Post Graduate Diploma in Biotechniques of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (PGDBMAP)
Duration of this course is one academic year. Degree holders of Science and Medical streams are eligible to seek the admission to this course. Selection to the Course is made on merit basis. Presently a total of fifteen seats are available for each academic session.
Certificate Course in Biotechniques of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CCBMAP)
Duration of this course is three months. This course is for growers and other interested persons having intermediate (10+2) qualification. The Certificate Course has also been identified by the Ministry of Defence as a resettlement course for PBOR.
In addition, the Capsule Courses are also organized on cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants.
Syllabus of existing courses
M. Phil - Environmental Plant Biology
AIMS: Pre-Ph. D. exposure of the students to instrumentation and recent advances in Environmental Plant BiologyREGULATIONS
1. The duration of M. Phil. in Environmental Plant Biology will be one academic year. However, in case the candidate is not able to complete his or her dissertation as prescribed in the syllabus in the same academic year he or she will be allowed to do so any time in the next academic year.
2. The admissions will be open to all those students who have passed Master's degree (M. Sc.) in Plant Sciences or Biochemistry or Chemistry or Physics or Mathematics or Environmental Sciences with first class or high second class (55% and above) from this University or from any other University recognized for the purpose by this University.
3. The admissions will be strictly on the basis of merit, which will be worked out as an average of the marks obtained by the candidate from high school to M.Sc. level. Total number of seats will be 10 out of which two seats will be reserved for the in-service candidates on leave from their departments for one full academic year.
4. The selected candidates will have to deposit 6 months tuition fee alongwith other fees prescribed by the University.
5. The admitted candidates shall have to fill up the examination form on the date fixed by the University. After filling up the examination form, the faculty in-charge of individual course can examine the candidate any time by way of take-home examinations or on-the-spot examination of 3 hours duration. However, the candidate will be informed by the faculty at least one week in advance of holding such examination. The faculty can ask for more than one examination to a candidate in the individual course. However, all the examinations shall be completed within one academic year and the candidate shall have to pass each course separately. A quiz type of examination can be conducted any time by the teacher to assess the candidate’s comprehension of the subject.
The dissertation will be evaluated by an external and an internal examiner followed by the oral presentation of the work. The external examiners will be appointed on the recommendations of the internal examiner. The pass percentage for each course will be as per the rules in force for such course in the university. The division will be given on the basis of total marks obtained by the candidate in all the courses.
2. The admissions will be open to all those students who have passed Master's degree (M. Sc.) in Plant Sciences or Biochemistry or Chemistry or Physics or Mathematics or Environmental Sciences with first class or high second class (55% and above) from this University or from any other University recognized for the purpose by this University.
3. The admissions will be strictly on the basis of merit, which will be worked out as an average of the marks obtained by the candidate from high school to M.Sc. level. Total number of seats will be 10 out of which two seats will be reserved for the in-service candidates on leave from their departments for one full academic year.
4. The selected candidates will have to deposit 6 months tuition fee alongwith other fees prescribed by the University.
5. The admitted candidates shall have to fill up the examination form on the date fixed by the University. After filling up the examination form, the faculty in-charge of individual course can examine the candidate any time by way of take-home examinations or on-the-spot examination of 3 hours duration. However, the candidate will be informed by the faculty at least one week in advance of holding such examination. The faculty can ask for more than one examination to a candidate in the individual course. However, all the examinations shall be completed within one academic year and the candidate shall have to pass each course separately. A quiz type of examination can be conducted any time by the teacher to assess the candidate’s comprehension of the subject.
The dissertation will be evaluated by an external and an internal examiner followed by the oral presentation of the work. The external examiners will be appointed on the recommendations of the internal examiner. The pass percentage for each course will be as per the rules in force for such course in the university. The division will be given on the basis of total marks obtained by the candidate in all the courses.
SYLLABUS
There will be two types of courses namely, compulsory and optional. Each candidate will have to take all 4 compulsory courses and any one of the optional courses. Each course will have 100 marks.
Compulsory
Course I - Part A
Elementary Mathematics and Biostatistics:
Real numbers and laws of indices, polynomials and quadratic equations, straight lines and circles, equation of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, differentiation, trigonometric functions and their differentiations, maxima and minima for functions of one variable, integrals, logarithm and exponential functions, introduction to differential equations, elements of probability, elements of matrices and determinants.
Aim and scope of biostatistics; elementary idea of data in biology; compilation, classification, tabulation and diagrammatic presentation of data; concepts of statistical population, sampling, frequency distribution, probability, statistical estimation and test of significance; correlation and regression; linear, non-linear and quadratic regressions; modeling in biology with special reference to plant biology. Computer applications in plant biology.
Part B
General Environmental Plant Biology:
General concepts of plant classification and study of model system; evolution and origin of plants; structural and functional modifications in plants in relation to environment; developmental processes and reproduction in plants; cell structure and functions; ecology and adaptation.
Plant environment and its components; scope and problems of environmental plant physiology; tropical, temperate and alpine environments; principles of plant response to environment; plant responses and adaptations to radiation, temperature, water, wind and salinity stresses; pollutants and plant responses; allelopathy and herbivory; plant-microbial interactions.
Course II
Methodology and instrumentation:
Colorimetry; spectrophtometry; fluorometry; chromatography; electrophoresis; centrifugation; densitometry; fluorescence measurements; methods of plant growth analysis; gas exchange; radiation measurements; leaf area measurements; determination of stomatal aperture; leaf temperature measurements; determination of biomolecules; enzyme assays and bioseparation techniques; microscopy methods; microbial technology; recombinant DNA Technology; clonal propagation.
Course III
Seminars :
Each candidate will have to give 3 seminars for which topics will be allotted by the faculty in-charge for the purpose.
Course IV
Dissertation :
Each candidate will be allotted a topic related to the optional course he or she selects. The candidate shall have to do experimentation in the allotted topic and submit the results with methodology used and proper interpretation of the data in the form of a dissertation.
Course V (Optional)
The candidate shall have to select any one of the following courses of study:
A. Seed biology and reproductive physiology:
Physiology of seed development and maturation; effect of environmental factors on seed development and maturation; definition and measurement of seed germination; seed viability relationship with water and solutes; seed dormancy; inception of germination; environmental factors and photoreceptors; growth regulators, membranes and germination; Juvenility; photoperiodism, vernalization and physiology of flowering; vegetative propagation.
B. Photosynthesis and productivity:
Biochemical and physical processes of photosynthesis; effects of environmental factors on photosynthesis; water relations and photosynthesis; photosynthesis in different plant forms; characteristics of C 3, C 4 and CAM species and their ecological significance; photosynthetic, light and water use efficiencies of plants; leaf and canopy photosynthesis; respiration and environmental factors; plant adaptation to temperature and light and their relationship to photosynthesis; root/shoot interactions; total dry matter production; modeling of photosynthetic and productivity responses to environment.
C. Biophysical plant physiology and ecology:
Importance and problems; atmospheric environment and its components - Radiation (radiation laws, radiation in natural environment, radiation fluxes in and within plant communities, radiation coupling, adaptations of plants to low and high radiation); Temperature (temperature relations of plants, plant adaptation and resistances to low and high temperatures, atmospheric temperature in relation to leaf temperature); Wind (response of single leaves and whole plant to wind and its ecological significance); Plant and water relations (physical and chemical properties of water, cell water relations, liquid phase transport processes); Exchange processes in plants : radiation exchange; CO 2 exchange (photosynthesis as a resistance process); exchange of water vapour (transpiration as a resistance process, resistance network); exchange of heat energy (mechanism of leaf energy balance and its significance); Altitude, latitude and plant growth; Ecological energetics.
D. Biotechnological advances in plant stress biology
Plant Stress Biology; Plant Stress Tolerance Traits; Genetic engineering in relation to plant stress biology; Physiological role of Plant Secondary Natural Products (PSNP); Ecological aspects of PSNPs; Diversity in relation to plant adaptations under stress; Structure, biosynthetic pathways, storage and accumulation of PSNPs in sub-cellular organelles; Phytochemical analysis of PSNPs from plant extracts; in vitro production and evaluation of PSNPs using molecular biology tools and techniques; molecular genetics techniques for improvement of PSNP production.
COURSES ON MEDICINAL and AROMATIC PLANTS
Keeping in view the increased demand and shortage of crude drugs it has become essential that scientific knowledge with respect to proper identification, collection, cultivation, storage etc. of medicinal and aromatic plants be imparted to farmers and other interested persons to upgrade their professional skill so that a steady supply of genuine and fresh crude drugs may be made to the pharmaceutical industry. In view of the work done at HAPPRC on medicinal plants, its association with various programmes on MAPs at the regional and national level and the inputs received by it from various sections of the society during last more than a decade it has been felt necessary that there is a need to start some courses on medicinal and aromatic plants that could cater to the needs of the people involved in this sector. Therefore, two courses on medicinal and aromatic plants – one short duration certificate course and another PG Diploma of one year duration, to provide basic theoretical as well as practical knowledge about Identification, Cultivation, Collection, Storage and Preservation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants are being run at the entre. This will be very useful for the overall development of herbal industry in the country.
1. Certificate Course on Biotechniques of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CCBMAP)
Rules and Regulations
1. The duration of the Certificate Course on Biotechniques of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CCBMAP) will be 3 months. It will be open to HAPPRC to conduct more than one Course in one calendar year depending on the feasibility. It will be partially self finance course.
2. The minimum educational qualification for the Certificate Course will be matriculation. However, in exceptional cases traditional practitioners of ISM without matriculation can also be enrolled for the Course. The admission will be given on merit basis. The applicant for the Course should have attained age of 18 years.
3. The admissions will be on the basis of merit. Total number of seats will be 10 out of which five seats will be open and five will be for sponsored candidates.
4. The selected candidates will have to deposit fee in the beginning of the Course. The total course fee will be Rs 2000.00 for general and Rs. 4000.00 for sponsored candidates including examination fee.
5. The CCBMAP will involve laboratory as well as field studies. The expenditure incurred on field visit will have to be borne by the candidate separately.
6. The candidates will have to appear for an examination at the end of the Course. Each candidate will have to prepare practical record and field report that will be used for evaluation.
Course Contents
There will be three sections of the Course along with practicals. Each Section will constitute one paper of 100 marks. The practical will also be of 100 marks separately. The medium of teaching will be English as well as Hindi. The major topics for the Course will be as listed below under each Section.
Real numbers and laws of indices, polynomials and quadratic equations, straight lines and circles, equation of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, differentiation, trigonometric functions and their differentiations, maxima and minima for functions of one variable, integrals, logarithm and exponential functions, introduction to differential equations, elements of probability, elements of matrices and determinants.
Aim and scope of biostatistics; elementary idea of data in biology; compilation, classification, tabulation and diagrammatic presentation of data; concepts of statistical population, sampling, frequency distribution, probability, statistical estimation and test of significance; correlation and regression; linear, non-linear and quadratic regressions; modeling in biology with special reference to plant biology. Computer applications in plant biology.
Part B
General Environmental Plant Biology:
General concepts of plant classification and study of model system; evolution and origin of plants; structural and functional modifications in plants in relation to environment; developmental processes and reproduction in plants; cell structure and functions; ecology and adaptation.
Plant environment and its components; scope and problems of environmental plant physiology; tropical, temperate and alpine environments; principles of plant response to environment; plant responses and adaptations to radiation, temperature, water, wind and salinity stresses; pollutants and plant responses; allelopathy and herbivory; plant-microbial interactions.
Course II
Methodology and instrumentation:
Colorimetry; spectrophtometry; fluorometry; chromatography; electrophoresis; centrifugation; densitometry; fluorescence measurements; methods of plant growth analysis; gas exchange; radiation measurements; leaf area measurements; determination of stomatal aperture; leaf temperature measurements; determination of biomolecules; enzyme assays and bioseparation techniques; microscopy methods; microbial technology; recombinant DNA Technology; clonal propagation.
Course III
Seminars :
Each candidate will have to give 3 seminars for which topics will be allotted by the faculty in-charge for the purpose.
Course IV
Dissertation :
Each candidate will be allotted a topic related to the optional course he or she selects. The candidate shall have to do experimentation in the allotted topic and submit the results with methodology used and proper interpretation of the data in the form of a dissertation.
Course V (Optional)
The candidate shall have to select any one of the following courses of study:
A. Seed biology and reproductive physiology:
Physiology of seed development and maturation; effect of environmental factors on seed development and maturation; definition and measurement of seed germination; seed viability relationship with water and solutes; seed dormancy; inception of germination; environmental factors and photoreceptors; growth regulators, membranes and germination; Juvenility; photoperiodism, vernalization and physiology of flowering; vegetative propagation.
B. Photosynthesis and productivity:
Biochemical and physical processes of photosynthesis; effects of environmental factors on photosynthesis; water relations and photosynthesis; photosynthesis in different plant forms; characteristics of C 3, C 4 and CAM species and their ecological significance; photosynthetic, light and water use efficiencies of plants; leaf and canopy photosynthesis; respiration and environmental factors; plant adaptation to temperature and light and their relationship to photosynthesis; root/shoot interactions; total dry matter production; modeling of photosynthetic and productivity responses to environment.
C. Biophysical plant physiology and ecology:
Importance and problems; atmospheric environment and its components - Radiation (radiation laws, radiation in natural environment, radiation fluxes in and within plant communities, radiation coupling, adaptations of plants to low and high radiation); Temperature (temperature relations of plants, plant adaptation and resistances to low and high temperatures, atmospheric temperature in relation to leaf temperature); Wind (response of single leaves and whole plant to wind and its ecological significance); Plant and water relations (physical and chemical properties of water, cell water relations, liquid phase transport processes); Exchange processes in plants : radiation exchange; CO 2 exchange (photosynthesis as a resistance process); exchange of water vapour (transpiration as a resistance process, resistance network); exchange of heat energy (mechanism of leaf energy balance and its significance); Altitude, latitude and plant growth; Ecological energetics.
D. Biotechnological advances in plant stress biology
Plant Stress Biology; Plant Stress Tolerance Traits; Genetic engineering in relation to plant stress biology; Physiological role of Plant Secondary Natural Products (PSNP); Ecological aspects of PSNPs; Diversity in relation to plant adaptations under stress; Structure, biosynthetic pathways, storage and accumulation of PSNPs in sub-cellular organelles; Phytochemical analysis of PSNPs from plant extracts; in vitro production and evaluation of PSNPs using molecular biology tools and techniques; molecular genetics techniques for improvement of PSNP production.
COURSES ON MEDICINAL and AROMATIC PLANTS
Keeping in view the increased demand and shortage of crude drugs it has become essential that scientific knowledge with respect to proper identification, collection, cultivation, storage etc. of medicinal and aromatic plants be imparted to farmers and other interested persons to upgrade their professional skill so that a steady supply of genuine and fresh crude drugs may be made to the pharmaceutical industry. In view of the work done at HAPPRC on medicinal plants, its association with various programmes on MAPs at the regional and national level and the inputs received by it from various sections of the society during last more than a decade it has been felt necessary that there is a need to start some courses on medicinal and aromatic plants that could cater to the needs of the people involved in this sector. Therefore, two courses on medicinal and aromatic plants – one short duration certificate course and another PG Diploma of one year duration, to provide basic theoretical as well as practical knowledge about Identification, Cultivation, Collection, Storage and Preservation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants are being run at the entre. This will be very useful for the overall development of herbal industry in the country.
1. Certificate Course on Biotechniques of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CCBMAP)
Rules and Regulations
1. The duration of the Certificate Course on Biotechniques of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CCBMAP) will be 3 months. It will be open to HAPPRC to conduct more than one Course in one calendar year depending on the feasibility. It will be partially self finance course.
2. The minimum educational qualification for the Certificate Course will be matriculation. However, in exceptional cases traditional practitioners of ISM without matriculation can also be enrolled for the Course. The admission will be given on merit basis. The applicant for the Course should have attained age of 18 years.
3. The admissions will be on the basis of merit. Total number of seats will be 10 out of which five seats will be open and five will be for sponsored candidates.
4. The selected candidates will have to deposit fee in the beginning of the Course. The total course fee will be Rs 2000.00 for general and Rs. 4000.00 for sponsored candidates including examination fee.
5. The CCBMAP will involve laboratory as well as field studies. The expenditure incurred on field visit will have to be borne by the candidate separately.
6. The candidates will have to appear for an examination at the end of the Course. Each candidate will have to prepare practical record and field report that will be used for evaluation.
Course Contents
There will be three sections of the Course along with practicals. Each Section will constitute one paper of 100 marks. The practical will also be of 100 marks separately. The medium of teaching will be English as well as Hindi. The major topics for the Course will be as listed below under each Section.
Theory
Section I- Important medicinal and aromatic plants; Habit, habitat and brief description; Identification and Uses: Useful part(s) and medicinal value of the plants. Conservation of biodiversity of MAPs.
Section II- Nursery techniques and cultivation of MAPs. Suitable area, land and soil for cultivation; Field preparation, methods of propagation, planting techniques; Organic farming and production.
Section III- Collection, Storage and Preservation of MAPs; Drying and grading; Packing and Preservation; Insect/pest management. Trade in MAPs.
Practicals
Identification of MAPs; Nursery techniques; Planting and care; Harvesting, Storage and Preservation of MAPs; Habitat study of selected MAPs.
2. Post Graduate Diploma in Biotechniques of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (PGDBMAP)
Rules and Regulations
1. The duration of Post Graduate Diploma in Biotechniques of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (PGDBMAP) will be one year. It will be partially self-finance course.
2. The admissions to PGDBMAP will be open to persons with bachelor degree in Plant Sciences, Pharmacy, Ayurved and other ISM from an institution recognized for the purpose by this University.
3. The admissions will be strictly on the basis of merit, which will be worked out as an average of the marks obtained by the candidate from high school onwards. Total number of seats will be 10 out of which six seats will be open and four will be for sponsored candidates.
4. The selected candidates will have to deposit fee in two installments in the beginning of each semester. The total course fee will be Rs 10000.00 for general and Rs. 15000.00 for sponsored candidates. In addition, each candidate will have to deposit Rs. 3000.00 as institutional and examination fee.
5. The PGDBMAP will involve laboratory as well as field studies. The expenditure incurred on field visit will have to be borne by the candidate separately.
6. The candidates will have to appear for examination at the end of each Semester as per the rules of the university for this purpose. Each candidate will have to prepare practical record and field report that will be used for evaluation.
Syllabus
The PGDBMAP will have two Semesters. There will be three papers and one practical in each Semester. Each paper and practical examination will be of 50 marks.
I Semester
Paper I. MAP’s distribution, Uses and Conservation
Introduction to ethnobotany; Important medicinal and aromatic plants, their systematics, status, habit, habitat and uses. Species endemism; ecotypes and ecophenes (varieties, strains); Species Extinction; Population analysis in nature. Management and Conservation policies. International and national convention on biological diversity, IUCN, IPR, CITES, CBD, TRAFFIC, Biodiversity Bill (India), their objectives and applications.
Paper II. Pharmacognosy and plant analysis
Classification and systematic study of crude drugs; Adulteration and evaluation of drugs; General methods of extraction, isolation, identification and characterization of medicinally important phyto-constituents - Carbohydrates, Glucosides, Phenolic Compounds, Steroids and Alkaloids, Volatile and Essential Oils, Resins etc.
Study of Indigenous Traditional Drugs; Botanical sources including adulterants; clinical uses; pharmaceutical action and authentication of certain common drugs viz. Chirayita, Amala, Arjuna, Valerian, Aconites, Kutki etc.
Introduction to Ayurvedic doses, formulations and preparations; standardization of Ayurvedic preparation. Commerce in crude drug; collection, preparation, drying and storage of drugs with special emphasis on factors influencing quality of drugs.
Paper III. Nursery Technology
Nursery techniques of MAPs; Seed germination, dormancy, stratification, seed viability and pre-sowing treatments; Clonal propagation methods. Selection of site for nursery; Soil analysis (determination of soil physical and chemical characters, pH, WHC, Soil moisture, texture and nutrients analysis). Nursery preparation and management.
Practicals:Identification of drugs through specimens; Analytical techniques for isolation, identification and characterization of phyto-constituents; Nursery preparation; Propagation methods. Soil testing. Elementary biostatistics.
II Semester
Paper I. Cultivation and Post-harvest technology
Time and age of seedling transplantation. Field preparation and plot designing. Cropping pattern, spacing, earthing and intercropping. Concepts of organic farming. Effect of FYM, litter and compost on survival, growth and production. Determination of best harvesting age and time in view of quality and production. Irrigation and weeding requirement; Insect and pest management; Traditional methods of crop care; Cultivation packages of selected alpine and temperate medicinal plants.
Harvesting and collection; Drying; Grading; Processing and packing; Storage; Preservation methods.
Paper II: Crop improvement and care
Methods of crop improvement; selection, hybridization, Introduction and Acclimatization; Maintenance of self and cross pollinated crops; Mode of reproduction in relation to breeding methods; Applications, Advantages and Limitations of plant breeding; Mutation breeding; Breeding for disease resistance; Improved and synthetic seeds, their production, multiplication, maintenance and testing; seed testing methods; seed certification.
Paper III. Herbal Biotechnology
Biotechnical advances in medicinal plants; Tools & Technology for Molecular Herbal Biotechnology; Biochemical characterization of medicinally important phyto-constituents, biosynthesis, metabolic pathways and production; In vitro evaluation methods for herbal drug action using molecular biotechnological tools; Novel extraction techniques, isolation and purification of herbal drugs; In vitro culturing of medicinal plants and production of herbal drugs; Application of molecular biology tools for the improvement, production, characterization, purification and identification of therapeutically useful phyto-constituents; Anti-microbial properties of active principles of Herbal Drugs.
Practical:
Cultivation packages of some MAP’s of Himalayan region. Experiments on drying and grading. Effect of insecticides\pesticides on crop/soils. Growth analysis under FYM, Litter and compost addition. Selfing and crossing. Emasculation techniques. Selection and hybridization procedures. In vitro evaluation methods for studying therapeutically useful phyto-constituents; Extraction, isolation and bio-activity of phytoconstituents using biochemical techniques; Antimicrobial screening of active phyto-constituents.